Media-Enriched Cone of Learning

(Adapted from Edgar Dale's Audio Visual Methods in Teaching, 3rd ed.; 1969)

After two weeks, we tend to remember:

• 10% of what's read:
  • read 
  • Media Resources and Services: books, big books
  • Learning Outcomes: define, describe, list, explain
    
    
• 20% of what's heard:
  • hear 
  • Media Resources and Services: audio books, music sound effects
  • Learning Outcomes: define, describe, list, explain
    
    
• 30% of what's seen:
  • view images 
  • Media Resources and Services: image files, realia, jackdaws
  • Learning Outcomes: apply, demonstrate, practice
    
    
• 50% of what's seen and heard:
  • view multimedia; field trips, view exhibits and demonstrations
  • Media Resources and Services: DVD, VHS, streaming video, virtual field trips, multimedia kits
  • Learning Outcomes: apply, demonstrate, practice
    
    
• 70% of what's said and written:
  • participate in a discussion; hands-on learning; give a talk
  • Media Resources and Services: interactive media, video conferencing
  • Learning Outcomes: analyze, design, create, evaluate
    
    
• 90% of what's said and done:
  • create a presentation; simulate a real experience
  • Media Resources and Services: media production
  • Learning Outcomes: analyze, design, create, evaluate